1905-18
Funerals of the victims of Cossacks' reprisal party Funerals of the victims of Cossacks' reprisal party in Kose-Uuemõisa The 1905 revolution in Estonia involved bloody clashes between demonstrators and military in towns, as well as the destruction of landlords' property in the countryside. The inept reaction by the Tsarist government — harsh repression and heightened Russification — only resulted in the growing radicalisation of Estonian nationalism.

Military losses in the WW I caused constant social unrest in the whole Russian Empire. For Estonians of whom about 100 000 fought and about 10 000 fell in the War, the final impetus towards full independence was the Bolsheviks' establishment of dictatorship in late 1917.
A picket by pro-independence Estonian actors in front of the Estonia theatre in Tallinn, 1917
Departure of recruits to the WW I A picket by pro-independence actors
o Departure of recruits to the WW I in Viljandi
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